Short-Term Rentals in Spain 2025: Complete Guide to NRU Registration and Regulations by Region
The short-term rental market in Spain is undergoing its biggest regulatory transformation. Since July 2025, the Unique Short-Term Rental Registry (NRU) is mandatory for all owners who wish to market their properties on platforms such as Airbnb, Booking or Vrbo. This updated guide explains everything you need to know to rent legally and maximize the profitability of your real estate investment.
1. What is a Short-Term Rental or Vacation Rental
Short-term rental, also known as vacation rental or tourist rental, refers to the temporary assignment of a tourist use dwelling (VUT) furnished and equipped for brief stays, generally from one day to a maximum of 31 consecutive days.
Main characteristics of tourist rental:
- Purpose: Leisure, vacation, tourism or specific business trips
- Duration: From 1 night to 30 days (varies by autonomous community)
- Regulation: Regulated by regional tourism legislation, NOT by the LAU
- Marketing: Mainly through transactional digital platforms
- Profitable nature: Economic activity subject to administrative and tax control
- Complementary services: May include cleaning, linen change, guest service
The key differentiator is that it is a professional economic activity that requires specific licenses, high tenant turnover and intensive management, unlike traditional residential leasing.
2. The New Unique Short-Term Rental Registry (NRU)
Since July 1, 2025, all owners of tourist apartments are required to register their properties in the Unique Rental Registry managed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Agenda.
What is the Unique Registry Number (NRU)?
The NRU is an official alphanumeric identification code assigned to each property intended for tourist rental. It is the equivalent of the ID card for your vacation home and is essential to be able to:
- Publish listings on Airbnb, Booking.com, Vrbo, HomeAway and other platforms
- Legally operate as a tourist use dwelling
- Avoid financial penalties that can exceed 10,000 euros
- Guarantee traceability and transparency required by the EU
How to Request the NRU: Step-by-Step Process
The processing of the mandatory registry is done exclusively online through the Digital Single Window for Rentals:
- Access with electronic certificate (DNI-e, Cl@ve or digital certificate)
- Prepare the necessary documentation:
- Cadastral reference of the dwelling
- Complete and exact address
- Type of rental (entire dwelling or room rental)
- Maximum number of places/guests
- Regional tourist license (if you already have it)
- Pay the fee: 27 euros per dwelling
- Receive the provisional NRU in 24-48 hours
- Final verification: The Property Registry validates the data within a maximum period of 30 days
Important: The NRU has indefinite validity, but requires automatic annual verification by the Property Registry to confirm that the property remains operational and complies with regulations.
Exceptions: Who Does NOT Need the NRU?
Exempt from registering in the Unique Registry:
- Hotel establishments: Hotels, hostels, aparthotels, hostels with tourist classification
- Rural houses and accommodations with specific active regional registry
- Traditional long-term rentals (contracts longer than 12 months)
- Properties not advertised on transactional digital platforms (corporate websites without booking engine, offline ads)
3. What is a Seasonal Rental: Key Differences
Seasonal rental or temporary rental is another type of lease that is often confused with tourist rental, but has completely different legal characteristics.
Characteristics of Seasonal Rental
- Duration: Between 1 and 12 months (never less than 32 days)
- Purpose: Temporary need for work, academic or personal reasons
- Applicable regulation: Urban Leasing Law (LAU), article 3
- Tourist license: NOT required
- Mandatory contract: Must be formalized in writing specifying cause and duration
- Prohibited use: CANNOT constitute the tenant's habitual residence
Common Examples of Temporary Rental
- Professionals relocated for temporary work project
- University or postgraduate students (Erasmus, master's)
- Families in the process of renovating or buying their habitual home
- Seasonal workers (hospitality, agriculture)
- People undergoing prolonged medical treatment
4. Complete Comparison: Short-Term Rental vs Seasonal Rental
| Aspect | Short-Term Rental (Tourist) | Seasonal Rental |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum/maximum duration | 1 day - 31 days | 32 days - 12 months |
| Main purpose | Tourism, leisure, vacation | Temporary work, studies, transitory need |
| Legal framework | Regional tourism regulation | Urban Leasing Law (LAU) |
| NRU Registry | Mandatory since July 2025 | Mandatory since July 2025 |
| Tourist license | Mandatory (VUT, VTAR, AT...) | Not required |
| Tenant turnover | High (weekly or monthly) | Low (quarterly or annual) |
| Required management | Intensive: cleaning, check-in/out, 24/7 attention | Moderate: similar to traditional rental |
| Potential profitability | High (300-800€/week depending on area) | Medium-stable (800-1,500€/month) |
| Included services | Cleaning, bed linen, wifi, utilities | Generally just the dwelling |
| Taxation | Income tax + VAT if complementary services | Income tax as real estate capital income |
| Mandatory contract | Yes, but usually managed via platform | Yes, in writing with temporary cause |
| Best geographic area | Tourist destinations (coast, capitals, monuments) | Urban areas, university, industrial estates |
How many properties can I have in tourist rental?
There is no legal limit on the number of properties, but:
- From 2-3 properties it is considered habitual business activity
- You must register as self-employed
- VAT will apply if you offer complementary services
- Some cities limit the number of licenses per owner
What insurance do I need for tourist rental?
In addition to standard home insurance, you need:
- Liability insurance: Minimum coverage €300,000 (mandatory in most regions)
- Contents insurance: Covers damage to furniture and equipment
- Cancellation insurance (optional): Protects against last-minute cancellations
- Non-payment insurance (optional): Less common in tourist than traditional rental
Can I cancel a reservation as an owner?
Technically yes, but with serious consequences:
- Financial penalty from the platform (Airbnb charges up to €500)
- Drop in ranking in search results
- Loss of Superhost/Genius status
- Automatic negative review
Only do it in cases of force majeure and communicate it immediately to the platform.
How does the Housing Law affect tourist rental?
The Housing Law 12/2023 allows municipalities to:
- Limit or prohibit new tourist licenses in stressed areas
- Establish maximum quotas of VUT per neighborhood
- Increase the property tax by up to 50% for tourist properties
- Toughen sanctions for illegal activity
Each municipality can apply these measures differently.
14. Common Mistakes to Avoid in Tourist Rental
- Not obtaining the NRU before publishing: Fines from €500
- Not verifying if the community allows tourist use: Legal conflicts and sanctions
- Not reporting travelers to Police: Fines of up to €3,000
- Not declaring income to Tax Authority: Serious tax offense
- Copying descriptions from other listings: Lower conversion and SEO problems
- Low quality photos: Reduces bookings by up to 70%
- Not having liability insurance: Unbearable financial risk in case of accidents
- Static prices without adaptation: Loss of income of 20-30%
- Not responding quickly to inquiries: Airbnb penalizes response times >24h
- Not managing negative reviews well: Direct impact on conversion
15. Trends in Tourist Rental in Spain 2025-2026
Greater regulation and control
The market is evolving towards mandatory professionalization. "Amateur" owners will have more difficulties competing.
Consolidation of professional managers
Growth of companies specialized in property management managing portfolios of 50-500+ properties.
Technology and automation
Massive use of smart locks, digital check-in, dynamic pricing with AI, multilingual chatbots.
Personalized experiences
Guests increasingly value added services: local tours, gastronomy, integrated coworking, sustainability.
Tourist decentralization
Rise of secondary destinations and rural tourism versus saturation of large capitals.
Restrictive regulations in large cities
Barcelona, Madrid, Palma, San Sebastian will continue limiting or freezing licenses. More difficult but more valued investment.
16. Resources and Useful Links
Official Agencies
- Ministry of Housing and Urban Agenda: Digital Single Window for Rentals
- Regional Tourism Directorates: Check yours in your community
- Tax Agency: Registration in censuses, activity declaration
- National Police: Traveler communication system (Hospederías/PROV)
Rental Platforms
- Airbnb: Global leader, intuitive interface, large community
- Booking.com: Greater European reach, slightly higher commissions
- Vrbo (HomeAway): Specialized in families and groups
- Holidu: Metasearch engine that aggregates multiple platforms
Industry Associations
- AEVAV: Business Association of Tourist Purpose Housing
- APARTUR: Provincial Association of Tourist Accommodation
- Check local associations in your autonomous community
17. Conclusion: The Future of Short-Term Rental in Spain
Short-term rental in Spain has entered a new era characterized by maximum regulation, transparency and digital control. The mandatory Unique NRU Registry since July 2025 represents a turning point that will separate professional owners from those operating informally.
For owners who strictly comply with regulations, the Spanish tourist market continues to offer great profitability opportunities, especially in established destinations such as Barcelona, Madrid, Málaga, Valencia or the islands. The key to success will be:
- Strict compliance with all legal obligations
- Differentiation through unique experiences and quality
- Professional management with advanced technological tools
- Continuous adaptation to regulatory and market changes
- Sustainability and respect for the neighborhood environment
Owners who bet on transparency, service excellence and regulatory compliance will be those who capitalize on the enormous potential of tourism in Spain, which remains one of the country's main economic engines with more than 85 million annual visitors.
Are you ready to start your tourist rental project? Make sure to follow all the steps in this guide, obtain your NRU as soon as possible and be part of the regulated and professional future of vacation rental in Spain.
Last updated: January 2025 | Guidance information. Always consult with specialized legal and tax advisors for your specific case.
